CLA Paper 1

Stages of development 

prelinguistic 0-4months - crying

cooing 4-7 months - small noises

babbling 6-12 months -repeating patterns of consonant and vowel sounds

one word/ holophrastic 12-18 months - one word utterances

two word 18-24 months - two word utterances

telegraphic 24-36 months - incomplete utterances of two or more words

post telegraphic 36months+ - more complex spoken sentences

Skinner

Operant conditioning- where the strength of a behavior is modified by the behavior's consequences, such as reward or punishment

Positive reinforcement- Receiving a reward for behaviour ,often praise is given to encourage the child to repeat their behaviour

Negative reinforcement- Negative reinforcement occurs when a certain stimulus (usually an aversive stimulus) is removed after a particular behavior is exhibited. The likelihood of the particular behavior occurring again in the future is increased because of removing/avoiding the negative consequence.

Punishment- Punishment is a process by which a consequence immediately follows a behavior which decreases the future frequency of that behavior

Chomsky

Nativist theory- Language is innate

LAD- language acquisition device

Universal gramar- a certain set of structural rules are innate to humans not learnt

key points:
Children do not simply copy the language that they hear around them. They deduce rules from it, which they can then use to produce sentences that they have never heard before.

Vygotski 

ZPD- Zone of proximal development and CDS

CDS features;
- local topics
- child-led discourse
- turn taking
- higher pitch
- clearer pronunciation
- interrogatives
- reforming/echoing/recasting

Scaffolding-

More Knowledgeable Other- usually a teacher/ carer /adult who will offer help and support during scaffolding

Lenneburg

Critical period hypothesis- the subject of a long-standing debate in linguistics and language acquisition over the extent to which the ability to acquire language is biologically linked to age.

the case of Gene and other wild children support this theory

Bruner

Goes against skinner and says if negative reinforcement works then why do children still use over generalisation

LASS (language aquisition support system) - child directed speech

Believes children's cognitive function advances and improves with age and that children are naturally inquisitive and thirsty to learn.